List of Simple Arduino Projects

Any AVR microcontroller based board which follows the standard arduino schematic and is flashed with the arduino bootloader can be called an arduino board. The arduino is refered to as open source hardware, since the standard schematic is open to everyone and anybody can make their own version of arduino board following the standard schematic

Check these Arduino Projects to Learn working with Arduino Board. 

  Getting Started with Arduino

How to Connect a Keyboard with 16x2 LCD using Arduino	How to Interface 4 Bit LCD with Arduino	How To Save a Text In The EEPROM of The Arduino
How to Connect PC with 16x2 LCD using Arduino	How to Interface a PS2 Keyboard with Arduino	How to Send Serial Data from Arduino
How To Connect The EEPROM of The Arduino To The Serial Port of a PC	How to Interface PS2 Mouse with Arduino	How to Test the Built-In EEPROM of the Arduino
How to Control Device using Mouse Connected with Arduino	How to Interface SD Card with Arduino	How to Test The SPI Module of Arduino
How To Create Animation on 16x2 LCD Using Arduino	How to Interrupt the Arduino Board Periodically	How to Use Analog Input and Analog Output of an Arduino Board
How To Create Custom Characters on LCD Using Arduino	How To Make a Simple Variable Frequency Generator Using Arduino	How to Use Arduino to Display Sensor Values on LCD
How To Create Running Sine Wave Display In LCD Using Arduino	How To Make Dynamic Sensor Display on LCD Using Arduino	How To Use Digital Input And Digital Output Of Arduino
How to Display Random Smiley on LCD using Arduino	How to Make LCD Scrolling Display using Arduino	How To Use Interrupts With Arduino Board
How To Display Smileys on LCD Using Arduino	How to Make SD Card to Store Sensor Data File using Arduino	How to Use PS2 Keyboard to Store Text in SD Card using Arduino
How to do Serial Debugging with Arduino	How To Read And Write The EEPROM Of Arduino	How to Use PS2 Mouse as an Accelerometer with Arduino
How to Generate a Variable Frequency Sine Wave Using Arduino	How to Receive and Send Serial Data using Arduino	How to Use PS2 Mouse to Move a Character in LCD
How To Generate Square Wave Using Arduino	How To Save a Sensor Value In The EEPROM Of The Arduino

Introduction to Face Recognition

Face Recognition is a computer technology for identifying and verifying a person from a digital image or a video frame from a video source. It emerged as a latest technology in Biometrics to provide an effective solution to address various requirements for identifying and verifying identity claims. Face Recognition is done by comparing the selected facial features from an image and the facial database.

There are various algorithms used for the face recognition which identify faces by extracting the features from the subject's face. The main features which are compared are the size and shape of eyes, nose, cheekbones and jaw, and relative positions of eyes, nose and mouth. These features are extracted and stored. Then the same are compared with the featuers of an image stored in the database. In various face recognition applications, an IRIS scanning camera is used to detect the iris of the subject. After snapping a picture of the iris, the various features like color, shape and size of the iris is extracted.

Considering the current development and employment, Face recognition seems to be a very bright future in upcoming years. Although the current face recognition algorithm fails under the vastly varying situations. But we can hope the next generation person recognition system will implement the face recognition technology effectively.

For Detailed article read the Face Recognition Article on Engineers Garage

What is Arduino : Introduction to Arduino

What is Arduino? Arduino is a tool for making computers to sense and control more of the physical world than the computer. It's an open-source physical computing platform based on a simple microcontroller board, and a development environment for writing software for the board. Arduino is an open source electronics platform accompanied with a hardware and software to design, develop and test complex electronics prototypes and products. The hardware consists of a microcontroller with other electronic components which can be programmed using the software to do almost any task. The hardware consists of a simple open hardware design for the Arduino board with an Atmel AVR processor and on-board I/O support. The software consists of a standard programming language compiler and the bootloader that runs on the board

Steps for getting started with Arduino

• Get an Arduino board and USB cable
• Download the Arduino environment
• Connect the board

• Install the drivers
• Launch the Arduino application
• Open the blink example
• Select your board
• Select your serial port
• Upload the program

Check out the latest Arduino Projects

PCB - an Overview

A PCB (Printed Circuit Board) is the base of any circuit that is used to provide mechanical support to components of the circuit and make electrical connections between them. It has tracks or signal traces etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. It is also called as printed wiring board (PWB) or Etched wiring board

PCBs are inexpensive and more reliable than the bread boards. They provide the stability to the circuit. Although, they require much more layout efforts and higher initial costs than either wire wrap or point-to-point construction, but Printed Circuit Boards are much cheaper and faster for high-volume production. The production and soldering of PCBs can be done by totally automated equipment. Much of the electronics industry's PCB design, assembly, and quality control needs are set by standards that are published by the IPC organization

The Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing Process

The design process of a printed circuit board includes several steps. They are manufactured on home by hands as well as by automated machines in industries. On the large scale there are all automatic machines that do everything. But if you are an electronic hobbyist and need to design a PCB for your small project, you can do it yourself at home with just little stuff required.

These are the steps that need to follow while making a PCB:

    ·        Patterning | Etching

    ·        Photoengraving

    ·        Lamination

    ·        Drilling.

    ·        Solder Plating | Solder Resist

    ·        Silk Screen

    ·        Testing

Mechatronics - An Overview

Mechatronics is an integration of different engineering systems including mechanics, electronics and computer science. Mechatronics is widely applied in everyday life for solutions ranging from optical telecommunication to transportation and biomedical engineering.

Mechatronics-enabled systems are efficient and reliable, and have microcontrollers to ensure smooth functioning and higher dependability. These systems have sensors to absorb signals from the surroundings, and use appropriate processing to generate acquired output signals. The principles of mechatronics are regularly applied to robots, automated guided vehicles, digitally controlled combust engines, aircraft flight control and navigation systems, and smart home appliances.

A mechatronics system includes a measurement and actutation module, a communication module, a CPU, an output signal conditioning module, and a feedback module.

A measurement and actutation module comprises of actuators and sensors to receive and reply to signals.

A communication module comprises of circuits and bus communication in order to generate signals by measuring the relative position of actuators and sensors. These singals are then transferred to the CPU. 

The CPU recieves the signal and performs logical and arithmetic operations with a processor and software.

An output signal conditioning module includes amplifiers to drive plotter, audio-visual indicators, ADC/DAC’s and displays. The output signal is forwarded to feedback module. 

The feedback module generates signal proportional to the output signal which is finally forwarded to the measurement and actuation module. 

The main focus of research in the mechatronics domain is the application of electronics, controls, communications and computational intelligence to manufacturing systems and processes. A typical mechatronics system would a device designed to improve the physical interaction between humans and machines. This makes it easier for an operator to interact with the system with little physical effort. 

Currently, researchers are using mechatronics to improve quality of machines in the following spheres: body implants to improve physiological condition, robotics, military robotics, 3d manufacturing, and unmanned robots for oceanographic exploration.

PLCC Technology - Introduction

PLCC (Power Line Carrier Communication) is a network technology mostly used in Telecommunication.

It uses power lines (electricity network supply) as a carrier to transmit signal from one host to another. PLC networks are both electrical supply networks and communication channels at a time. So it has emerged as an economic solution for communication channel and strongly competing WLAN and other network technologies.

Basic principle behind Power Line Carrier Communication is amplitude modulation. At the transmission point a high-frequency (1.6 to 30mhz), low-amplitude signal is superimposed on a low-frequency (50hz), high amplitude AC signal. Power devices do not care about the added noise as filtering devices extract the high frequency signal without low frequency component at the receiver point. In Telecommunication, before transmission of audio signals through the technology audio signals are compressed in the 300 to 4khz range and then modulated with the electrical signals and then filtered and amplified.
These are the devices that used in PLCC Technology:-
1. modem
2. speech interface module
3. data interface unit
4. power supply unit
5. amplifier
6. line filter

An information channel is used in home same like electricity connections as it required one phase and neutral and we can use three different network channels with a three phase electricity infrastructure.. We can also connect these networks using a coupler.

In Brief, PLCC is a handy technique to create a network on an pre existing channel using the concept of amplitude modulation.

VLSI

VLSI chiefly comprises of Front End Design and Back End design these days. While front end design includes digital design using HDL, design verification through simulation and other verification techniques, the design from gates and design for testability, backend design comprises of CMOS library design and its characterization. It also covers the physical design and fault simulation. While Simple logic gates might be considered as SSI devices and multiplexers and parity encoders as MSI, the world of VLSI Technology is much more diverse. Generally, the entire design procedure follows a step by step approach in which each design step is followed by simulation before actually being put onto the hardware or moving on to the next step.

Where do we actually see VLSI in action? Everywhere, in personal computers, cell phones, digital cameras and any electronic gadget. There are certain key issues that serve as active areas of research and are constantly improving as the field continues to mature. The figures would easily show how Gordon Moore proved to be a visionary while the trend predicted by his law still continues to hold with little deviations and don’t show any signs of stopping in the near future. VLSI has come a far distance from the time when the chips were truly hand crafted. But as we near the limit of miniaturization of Silicon wafers, design issues have cropped up.